Network Pharmacology and AI: Illuminating the Path to Precision Herbal Medicine in Ganoderma spp.

Potential sources of bioactive natural products with high pharmacological potential are Ganoderma species, which are highly prized in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the richness of their therapeutic properties. Their complex multi-component, multi-target nature, however, poses challenges for elucidating pharmacodynamic mechanisms and optimizing clinical use. Recent advances in network pharmacology (NP) and artificial intelligence (AI) offer novel strategies to overcome barriers. NP integrates compound-target-pathway-disease networks, while AI enhances predictive modeling, target prioritization, and analysis of large-scale pharmacological data. Together, these tools support mechanistic interpretation, rational formulation, and personalized application of Ganoderma-derived medicines. This review highlights recent progress in applying NP and AI to identify key constituents and therapeutic pathways of Ganoderma spp., while also addressing limitations in data quality, standardization, and clinical translation. Emphasizing the synergy between traditional TCM theory and modern computational technologies, advancing natural medicine research. It holds promise for enhancing the scientific basis and global acceptance of Ganoderma-based therapeutics.