Abstract: AIM: To investigate the chemical constituents of the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum. METHODS: Compounds were isolated by various column chromatographic methods, and their structures were identified based on their physicochemical properties and spectral data. RESULTS: A cadinane sesquiterpene, alpiniaterpene A (1), was isolated. Its structure with absolute configuration was established by means of HR-ESI, NMR, and quantum chemical CD calculation. CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is a new compound.