Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical trials of <i>Morus alba</i>

Eric Wei-Chiang CHAN; Phui-Yan LYE; Siu-Kuin WONG

Volume 14 Issue 1

Jan. 2016

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Article Navigation > Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines > 2016 > 14(1): 17-30

Citation:

Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical trials of Morus alba

1.
Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
2.
School of Science, Monash University Sunway, 46150 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

Corresponding author:
Received Date: 04-Feb.-2015

Abstract

The present review is aimed at providing a comprehensive summary on the botany, utility, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical trials of Morus alba (mulberry or sang shu). The mulberry foliage has remained the primary food for silkworms for centuries. Its leaves have also been used as animal feed for livestock and its fruits have been made into a variety of food products. With flavonoids as major constituents, mulberry leaves possess various biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, skin-whitening, cytotoxic, anti-diabetic, glucosidase inhibition, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, and cognitive enhancement activities. Rich in anthocyanins and alkaloids, mulberry fruits have pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-obesity, and hepatoprotective activities. The root bark of mulberry, containing flavonoids, alkaloids and stilbenoids, has antimicrobial, skin-whitening, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. Other pharmacological properties of M. alba include anti-platelet, anxiolytic, anti-asthmatic, anthelmintic, antidepressant, cardioprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. Clinical trials on the efficiency of M. alba extracts in reducing blood glucose and cholesterol levels and enhancing cognitive ability have been conducted. The phytochemistry and pharmacology of the different parts of the mulberry tree confer its traditional and current uses as fodder, food, cosmetics, and medicine. Overall, M. alba is a multi-functional plant with promising medicinal properties.
- Mulberry,
- Multi-purpose,
- Medicinal properties,
- Morus alba

References

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Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical trials of Morus alba

Corresponding author:

1. Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;

2. School of Science, Monash University Sunway, 46150 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

Received Date: 2015-02-04

Abstract: The present review is aimed at providing a comprehensive summary on the botany, utility, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical trials of Morus alba (mulberry or sang shu). The mulberry foliage has remained the primary food for silkworms for centuries. Its leaves have also been used as animal feed for livestock and its fruits have been made into a variety of food products. With flavonoids as major constituents, mulberry leaves possess various biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, skin-whitening, cytotoxic, anti-diabetic, glucosidase inhibition, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, and cognitive enhancement activities. Rich in anthocyanins and alkaloids, mulberry fruits have pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-obesity, and hepatoprotective activities. The root bark of mulberry, containing flavonoids, alkaloids and stilbenoids, has antimicrobial, skin-whitening, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. Other pharmacological properties of M. alba include anti-platelet, anxiolytic, anti-asthmatic, anthelmintic, antidepressant, cardioprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. Clinical trials on the efficiency of M. alba extracts in reducing blood glucose and cholesterol levels and enhancing cognitive ability have been conducted. The phytochemistry and pharmacology of the different parts of the mulberry tree confer its traditional and current uses as fodder, food, cosmetics, and medicine. Overall, M. alba is a multi-functional plant with promising medicinal properties.

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Reference (92)

[1]	Butt MS, Nazir A, Sultan MT, et al. Morus alba L. nature's functional tonic[J]. Trend Food Sci Technol, 2008, 19:505-512.
[2]	Singh R, Bagachi A, Semwal A, et al. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Morus alba Linn:A review[J]. J Med Pl Res, 2013, 7(9):461-469.
[3]	Zafar MS, Muhammad F, Javed I, et al. White mulberry (Morus alba):A brief phytochemical and pharmacological evaluations account[J]. Int J Agric Biol, 2013, 15:612-620.
[4]	Devi B, Sharma N, Kumar D, et al. Morus alba Linn:A phytopharmacological review[J]. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 2013, 5(2):14-18.
[5]	Alonzo DS, de Padua LS, Bunyapraphatsara N, et al. Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 12(1):Medicinal and Poisonous Plants 1[M]. Netherlands:Backhuys Publisher, Leiden, 1999.
[6]	Suttie JM. Morus alba L. Grassland Species Profiles[M]. Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2005.
[7]	Huo Y, Snchez MD. Mulberry for Animal Production. Mulberry cultivation and utilization in China[M]. FAO Anim Prod Health Paper, 2002.
[8]	Datta RK, Snchez MD. Mulberry for Animal Production. Mulberry cultivation and utilization in India[M]. FAO Anim Prod Health Paper, 2002.
[9]	Machii H, Koyama A, Yamanouchi H. Mulberry for Animal Production. Mulberry breeding, cultivation and utilization in Japan[M]. FAO Anim Prod Health Paper, 2002.
[10]	Kumar RV, Kumar D, Pher R. Varietal influence of mulberry on silkworm, Bombyx mori L. growth and development[J]. Int J Adv Res, 2014, 2(3):921-927.
[11]	Arabshahi-Delouee S, Urooj A. Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of mulberry (Morus indica L.) leaves[J]. Food Chem, 2007, 102:1233-1240.
[12]	Vu CC, Verstegen MWA, Hendriks WH, et al. The nutritive value of mulberry leaves (Morus alba) and partial replacement of cotton seed in rations on the performance of growing Vietnamese cattle[J]. Asia-Aust J Anim Sci, 2011, 24(9):1233-1242.
[13]	Bae SH, Suh HJ. Antioxidant activities of five different mulberry cultivars in Korea[J]. LWT Food Sci Technol, 2007, 40(6):955-962.
[14]	Katsube T, Imawaka N, Kawano Y, et al. Antioxidant flavonol glycosides in mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves isolated based on LDL antioxidant activity[J]. Food Chem, 2006, 97:25-31.
[15]	Ercisli S, Orhan E. Chemical composition of white (Morus alba), red (Morus rubra) and black (Morus nigra) mulberry fruits[J]. Food Chem, 2007, 103:1380-1384.
[16]	Kusano G, Orihara S, Tsukamoto D, et al. Five new nortropane alkaloids and six new amino acids from the fruit of Morus alba growing in Turkey[J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 2002, 50(2):185-192.
[17]	Kim SB, Chang BY, Hwang BY, et al. Pyrrole alkaloids from the fruits of Morus alba[J]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 2014, 24:5656-5659.
[18]	Asano N, Oseki K, Tomioka E, et al. N-containing sugars from Morus alba and their glycosidase inhibitory activities[J]. Carbohydr Res, 1994, 259:243-255.
[19]	Yang Y, Zhang T, Xiao L, et al. Two new chalcones from leaves of Morus alba L.[J]. Fitoterapia, 2010, 81:614-616.
[20]	Wang Y, Xiang L, Wang C, et al. Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects and phytochemicals of mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.) polyphenol enhanced extract[J]. PLoS ONE, 2013, 8(7):e71144.
[21]	Dat NT, Binh PTX, Quynh LTP, et al. Cytotoxic prenylated flavonoids from Morus alba[J]. Fitoterapia, 2010, 81:1224-1227.
[22]	Kim SY, Gao JJ, Kang HK. Two flavonoids from the leaves of Morus alba induce differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cell line[J]. Biol Pharm Bull, 2000, 23(4):451-455.
[23]	Doi K, Kojima T, Makino M, et al. Studies on the constituents of the leaves of Morus alba L.[J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 2001, 49(2):151-153.
[24]	Yang ZZ, Wang YC, Wang Y, et al. Bioassay-guided screening and isolation of -glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitors from leaves of Morus alba[J]. Food Chem, 2012, 131:617-625.
[25]	Natić MM, Dabić DC, Papetti A, et al. Analysis and characterisation of phytochemicals in mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruits grown in Vojvodina, North Serbia[J]. Food Chem, 2015, 171:128-136.
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Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical trials of Morus alba

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Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical trials of Morus alba

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Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical trials of Morus alba

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Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical trials of Morus alba

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1. Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2. School of Science, Monash University Sunway, 46150 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

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1. Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;

2. School of Science, Monash University Sunway, 46150 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia