Resveratrol's Hepatic Symphony: Conducting a Multi-StageIntervention in Liver Cancer's Progression

The development of liver cancer is a complex process often linked to chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Natural products, like resveratrol, have shown promise as sources of anticancer drugs due to their various pharmacological activities. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol compound found in plant foods, has been widely used for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-angiogenesis properties in treating various diseases. Studies indicate that resveratrol has a positive therapeutic impact on liver diseases. In cases of chronic hepatitis, resveratrol hinders viral replication by modulating signaling pathways like PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and MAPK, while also reducing liver cell damage through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. During liver fibrosis and cirrhosis stages, resveratrol slows down fibrosis progression by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation, collagen synthesis, and regulating pathways like Hippo, Nrf2/Keap1, and SIRT1. In advanced liver cancer stages, resveratrol demonstrates significant anti-tumor activity by impeding tumor cell growth, promoting apoptosis, limiting migration and invasion, and inhibiting angiogenesis. This is achieved through the regulation of pathways like PI3K/AKT, JNK, NF-κB, and p53. This article reviews for the first time the multi-step mechanism of action of resveratrol in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma, revealing its synergistic effect through multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways, offering new perspectives on the treatment strategies and concepts for hepatocellular carcinoma.